Diseases & Conditions Archive

Migraines can last hours or days and span several distinct phases. A post-headache phase leaves as many as four out of five migraine sufferers feeling like they have a hangover. Experts recommend different approaches to help ward off lingering symptoms depending on their intensity.

The ability to function relies on maintaining a core body temperature. In a hot environment, body temperature starts to rise and the body releases heat by sweating or by carrying blood away from the body's core to the skin surface, where heat leaves the body. But those functions wane in older age. As a result, heat can build up, putting organs at risk for severe damage. To avoid such problems, it helps to stay hydrated; avoid going outside during the peak temperatures of the day; stay inside in an air-conditioned environment; and wear lightweight, light-colored clothing in warm weather.

Among people with chronic heartburn, sleeping on the left side appears to help backed-up stomach acid leave the esophagus faster than sleeping on the right side or back, according to a study in the February 2022 issue of The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

When doctors say that it's okay to take proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) "on demand" for chronic heartburn, the advice doesn't apply to everyone. PPIs inhibit the production of stomach acid, which can back up into the esophagus and can cause pain (heartburn) and damage the lining of the esophagus. People with damage to the esophagus often stay on PPIs long-term to prevent further problems. People without damage to the esophagus can take a short course of PPIs as needed.

In January 2022, the CDC published updated recommendations for vaccinating adults against pneumococcal disease and approved two new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

While there is no cure for tinnitus—the mysterious condition that causes a sound in the head with no external source—many people can manage symptoms and control their reaction by practicing sound therapy, masking, counseling or cognitive behavioral therapy. Sound therapy helps to change your brain's perception of tinnitus so it learns to ignore the noise, while masking works to cover up the sounds with background noise like white noise, ambient sounds, and nature music.

Everyone feels bloated at times after eating. Bloating is a feeling of tightness, fullness, or pressure in the belly that comes along with abdominal swelling and mild to intense pain. Excessive gas buildup from a sluggish digestive system and problems digesting certain foods are the leading causes. While most bloating goes away after a while, for regular occurrences, people should examine their diet for trigger foods and use over-the-counter anti-gas remedies as needed. In cases of frequent or extended bloating, a doctor should see if other problems are present.

Nighttime skin itching can stem from dry skin, hormone changes, certain medications and skin care products, and rarely, a more serious illness. It can help to change bedding or pajamas, take short baths or showers, apply moisturizer liberally, and use a humidifier.

People who have been taking antidepressants for some time may wish to stop taking them due to unpleasant side effects. This can be accomplished, but it is best to taper the dosage slowly and be aware of the potential for discontinuation symptoms.