Heart Health Archive

Certain tests involve small amounts of radiation. Here's some perspective on the benefits and risks.

Cardiologists have many options for visualizing the heart, some of which involve exposure to radiation. Used appropriately, these tests can identify possibly life-threatening conditions, such as dangerous heart artery blockages. In recent years, the accuracy of many of these noninvasive tests has increased. They're also being used with increasing frequency.

Because ionizing radiation can damage cells, potentially raising the risk of cancer, experts acknowledge that imaging tests that involve radiation should be used judiciously. Earlier this year, the American College of Cardiology published a consensus statement on the best practices for safe and effective use of radiation in cardiac imaging tests.

Staying connected to friends, neighbors, and your community may protect your heart.

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The lonely hearts club may be larger than you realize. About a third of older adults say they frequently feel lonely, according to findings from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. And only about half of Americans have meaningful in-person social interactions on a daily basis, such as having an extended conversation with a friend or spending time with family members, suggests a recent survey by the global health service company Cigna.

People whose main social contacts were at their place of work often feel that loss acutely after they retire. Many older adults are also at risk for isolation and loneliness because they're divorced or have lost a partner. But a lack of caring companionship (including from family, friends, or a romantic partner) may make you more vulnerable to a number of health woes. In fact, several studies suggest that isolated and lonely people face a slightly higher risk of heart attack or stroke than people with stronger social networks.

This hormone, which helps the body manage water and sodium, is a focus of growing interest among researchers.

High blood pressure — which has no symptoms or warning signs — can harm your blood vessels, heart, brain, eyes, and kidneys. An estimated 46% of adults in the United States have this stealth condition. A combination of unhealthy habits, such as smoking, a poor diet, and lack of exercise, can contribute to a rise in blood pressure. While kidney disease may cause high blood pressure, for most people the underlying cause is unknown.

However, for about one of every 15 people with high blood pressure, an imbalance of the hormone aldosterone may be to blame. This problem may be even more common among people with poorly controlled high blood pressure (also called resistant hypertension). "Among those people, up to one in five may have too much aldosterone," says Dr. Gail Adler, chief of cardiovascular endocrinology at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital.

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Vine-ripened, locally grown tomatoes are abundant in farmers' markets in August. Scientifically speaking, these vivid red (and sometimes yellow, brown, purple, or green) orbs are fruits. But the USDA, which issues the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, includes tomatoes in the red-orange vegetable group. Aim for about five to six cups per week of the foods in this group, which also includes carrots, squash, and sweet potatoes.

When good fresh tomatoes aren't available, canned tomatoes are a good substitute, especially in soups, stews, and pasta sauces. Eating tomatoes and tomato products may help lower cholesterol and improve blood vessel function, according to a 2017 article in Atherosclerosis.

Research we're watching

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The same diet that doctors recommend for dodging heart disease also may help preserve brain tissue, a new study finds.

Researchers scrutinized diet surveys from more than 4,200 people with an average age of 66 and ranked the quality of their diets on a scale of 0 to 14. A score of 14 was healthiest and included lots of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, dairy, and fish, but limited sugar. The volunteers provided data on other factors that might affect brain size, such as blood pressure, physical activity, and smoking. They also underwent brain scans to measure their brain size.

Research we're watching

Episodes of atrial fibrillation (afib) — a chaotic, irregular heart rhythm — can last for minutes, hours, days, or much longer. The condition encourages blood clots to form in the heart; the clots can then escape and lead to a stroke. New research suggests that even intermittent bouts of afib (which were previously considered to be low risk) may increase a person's risk of stroke.

The study included nearly 2,000 people who wore a small skin patch that continuously monitored their heart rates for 14 days. All of them had paroxysmal (intermittent) afib and were not taking anti-clotting medications. Researchers then tracked the participants' incidence of stroke over the following five years. They found that afib that lasted more than 11% of the total monitoring time was associated with a threefold increase in stroke risk.

Research we're watching

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Exercising regularly throughout life is the best way to keep your heart healthy. But starting to exercise even in late middle age may lessen the risk of heart failure, according to a report in the May 15 issue of Circulation. Heart failure, a gradual decline in the heart's ability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, affects about 6.5 million people in the United States.

The study involved more than 11,000 people who were part of a long-running project begun in the late 1980s, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Every six years, participants got medical testing and filled out questionnaires about their physical activity.

On call

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Q. I take fish oil supplements for heart health, but now I hear they aren't helpful. What's the truth?

A. Fish intake remains an important part of a healthy diet, but the enthusiasm for fish oil supplements has been dampened by several recent studies that showed no benefit for a variety of conditions.

Studies have shown that alcohol can have a good or bad impact depending on how much you drink.

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Should you enjoy that glass of wine with dinner? Is it okay to relax with a cold beer? When it comes to your heart health, the answer is not clear. The existing research is quite conflicting — some studies say alcohol improves heart health, while others imply the reverse.

So, what's the truth?

"It comes down to moderation," says Dr. J. Michael Gaziano, a preventive cardiologist with Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital's Division of Aging and VA Boston. "A safe amount — about one drink per day — may support a healthy heart and lower your risk of heart disease, while too much can be damaging."

In the journals

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Two recent studies have found that eggs do not raise the risk of heart disease, and in fact may even protect against it.

The first study, published online May 7, 2018, by The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, looked at how egg consumption affected 128 people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes; both conditions put people at a higher risk of heart disease and stroke. For three months, half of the participants ate 12 eggs a week, while the other half ate two eggs or fewer per week. Everyone also followed the same weight-loss diet that avoided saturated fats like butter and included healthier monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats like avocado and olive oils.