Heart Health Archive

A heart-healthy dietary pattern emphasizes minimally processed vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and beans. Learn how you can adopt a heart-healthy eating style to boost your cardiovascular health.

A 2023 study found that the more steps people take, the lower their risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, with the benefits starting with as few as 2,300 steps per day.

Even slightly elevated blood sugar levels—a condition known as pre-diabetes—may raise the risk of cardiovascular problems. But attention to weight loss and greater use of medications to lower blood pressure and cholesterol appear to reduce the risk.

In 2023, a small preliminary study found that single injection of a new RNA-based drug may lower blood pressure for up to six months.

About one in 500 people has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a condition that causes the walls of the heart to thicken and enlarge. It's often caused by genetic mutations and is the most common inherited form of heart disease. Contrary to popular belief, vigorous exercise appears to be safe for most people with HCM. For people with symptoms, several treatments are available, including mavacamten (Camzyos), a first-in-class medication that targets the underlying cause of HCM by inhibiting a protein that helps power heart muscle contractions.

Many tests and data can help people gauge their overall health, but when it comes to heart health, the most important are the "Big 3": blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. They can help predict cardiovascular disease risks, including heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. While standard guidelines from health organizations recommend what are considered healthy numbers for the Big 3, ideal numbers may differ depending on a person's health and other risk factors, and individuals should work with their doctor about which numbers to aim for.

Loneliness represents an underappreciated health crisis in the United States and is linked to a 29% higher risk of heart attack and a 32% higher risk of stroke. The underlying mechanism is thought to be similar to what happens when people feel depressed or stressed. Reconnecting with old friends can help short up social skills. To find new friends, people might look online or at their local library for classes, in-person clubs, or volunteer opportunities that match their interests.

Following a plant-based eating pattern and cutting back on highly processed foods can help promote a more diverse, healthier microbiome. A healthy gut microbiome may decrease inflammation that promotes heart disease. Most fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains are good sources of prebiotic fiber, which is broken down by gut bacteria to create short-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids are linked to lower inflammation and reductions in other heart disease risk factors.

As many as 60% of heart attacks go unnoticed when they occur. So-called silent heart attacks occur for a variety of reasons, including differences in pain perception and people not recognizing symptoms or dismissing them. People may assume heart attack symptoms are limited to the chest, but nerves in the heart can send signals to the surrounding nerves, causing pain that radiates to the stomach, back, neck, arm, or jaw. Sometimes people assume their chest pain is caused by a respiratory infection or heartburn when they're actually having a heart attack.

People who get most of their recommended weekly physical activity over one or two days may lower their heart disease risk just as much as those who are active more regularly throughout the week. Evidence also suggests there's no particular benefit to exercising at certain times of the day, including with respect to mealtimes. So people should be physically active whenever they find it to be most convenient.